NORTHERN SLAVE, BLACK DAKOTA: The Life and Times of Joseph Godfrey

Born into slavery in free territory, Godfrey married a Dakota woman and was living with his family on the Lower Sioux Reservation when the U.S.-Dakota War began in 1862. He fought for the Dakota warriors, but when the conflict ended, he was sentenced to death by one of his former enslavers, along with 350 other Dakota soldiers.